Colonoscopy

A thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope is used to look at the colon. A colonoscopy aids in finding ulcers, colon polyps and tumours, also areas of inflammation or bleeding. During a colonoscopy, tissue samples can be collected (biopsy) and abnormal growths can be taken out. Colonoscopy can also be used as a screening test to check for cancer or pre cancerous growths in the colon or rectum (polyps).

Procedure
A small video camera is attached to the colonoscope so that your doctor can take pictures or video of the large intestine (colon). The colonoscope can be used to look at the entire colon and the lower part of the small intestine.

Preparation
Before this test, you will need to clean out your colon. Colon preparation can take 1 to 2 days, depending on which type of preparation your doctor recommends. Some preps may be taken the evening before the test is due.
The colon prep causes loose, frequent stools and diarrhoea to ensure that your colon will be empty for the test, so it is advised that you stay at home during prep time.
The colon preparation may be uncomfortable and you may feel hungry on the clear liquid diet ordered.
If your doctor orders you to drink a special solution as part of your preparation, make sure you have clear fruit juices or soft drinks at hand to drink after the prep solution, because the solution has a salty taste.

Colonoscopy is one of many tests that may be used to screen for colon cancer. Your doctor  will talk with you about what puts you at risk and what test is best for you.